Abstract
Mechanical engineering is undergoing a transformation driven by advancements in automation, materials science, and smart systems. As industries adopt technologies like additive manufacturing, smart sensors, and energy-efficient mechanisms, the scope of mechanical engineering expands from traditional machinery to intelligent, integrated systems. This review explores current technological trends, the integration of digital technologies, challenges in adoption, and the role of sustainability. We analyze data on manufacturing efficiency, material performance, energy usage, and mechanical failure rates, highlighting the influence of Industry 4.0. The article concludes with a discussion on future directions including AI-driven design and green mechanical systems.
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